Reading the indicators

Every economy sends signals. Most people never learn to read them.

Economic Signals publishes free guides explaining the indicators economists actually watch — employment data, consumer confidence, yield curves and more — and what they tend to mean.

Signal 01 Line chart displayed on a computer screen
Why we exist

Indicators are noisy. Understanding them doesn't have to be.

Economic data releases come thick and fast, each with its own quirks and caveats. We explain what each indicator actually measures, how reliable it tends to be, and what usually causes it to move.

Indicator by indicator

Each guide isolates one data series and explains what moves it and how it's typically read.

Honest about limitations

We flag revisions, lag times and common misreadings, not just the headline number.

Informational only

All content is educational. We do not sell forecasts, signals for trading, or financial products.

80+ Published guides
5 Core indicator groups
2021 Founded
100% Free to read
What we cover

Indicators on the board.

Employment data

What monthly jobs reports measure, and why revisions happen so often.

Watched closely

Consumer confidence

How survey-based indicators capture sentiment, and their limits as predictors.

Sentiment-based

The yield curve

What an inverted yield curve has historically signalled, and why it's debated.

Historically debated

Leading versus lagging indicators

The difference between data that predicts and data that confirms what's already happened.

Foundational
Financial charts and figures on a laptop screen Person reviewing spreadsheets and reports Person reading financial news on a tablet

Start with our employment data guide.

A free introduction to what jobs reports measure and why they get revised.

Read the guide